Evaluation of the police operational tactical procedures for reducing officer injuries resulting from physical interventions in problematic arrests. The case of the Municipal Police of Cádiz (Spain)

Objectives: This paper describes some operational tactical procedures (OTP) and discusses the results of a 14-year-long study, spanning the period 2003-2016, conducted by the Municipal Police of Cadiz, Spain, which comprised 3 time periods: 2003-2006, when the officers were trained in traditional policing procedures; 2007-2013, when the officers were taught an innovative set of OTP in the form of a basic set of self-defense and arrest mechanisms, different from the traditional policing procedures that rely on martial arts and combat sports; and finally 2014-2016, when the OTP training was discontinued. The aim of this study was to improve policing and reduce officer injuries resulting from interventions in controversial or violent situations, such as problematic arrests. Material and Methods: The study involved 162 police officers and commanders of the Municipal Police of Cadiz, who were in street duty for their first time. There were 8 females and 154 males aged 24-55 years. Three OTP stages are shown as examples. Results: Based on the analysis of "training hours" and "physical interventions in problematic arrests," the results were: 1) the number of sick leaves in the police was identical according to the number of arrests, and 2) data on sick leaves show remarkable differences among the 3 periods under analysis. Conclusions: The OTP-based training substantially reduced officer sick leaves. The overall reduction in sick leaves in the period 2007-2013 was observed that cannot be ascribed to a decrease in criminal acts, and hence in police physical interventions

A mixed-signal integrated circuit for FM-DCSK modulation

This paper presents a mixed-signal application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a frequency-modulated differential chaos shift keying (FM-DCSK) communication system. The chip is conceived to serve as an experimental platform for the evaluation of the FM-DCSK modulation scheme, and includes several programming features toward this goal. The operation of the ASIC is herein illustrated for a data rate of 500 kb/s and a transmission bandwidth in the range of 17 MHz. Using signals acquired from the test platform, bit error rate (BER) estimations of the overall FM-DCSK communication link have been obtained assuming wireless transmission at the 2.4-GHz ISM band. Under all tested propagation conditions, including multipath effects, the system obtains a BER = 10-3 for Eb/No lower than 28 dB.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC2003-0235

Plan de mercadeo de fuera hacia dentro para posicionar una marca o una empresa comercial

Este texto busca dos competencias: construcción del plan de mercadeo para una empresa y plan de mercadeo para una marca

Técnicas de muestreo para una investigación de mercadeo

Este Módulo guiará al estudiante en la estructuración de la parte de muestreo, dentro de la metodología en un plan de investigación formal

Fundamentos de micromercadeo

Este Texto busca dos competencias: comprender las bases teóricas del mercadeo a nivel de empresa o negocio y analizar el sistema micro de mercadeo de una marca o empresa

Planeación y desarrollo de una investigación de mercadeo

El Contenido del Texto es producto o resultado de: revisiones bibliográficas hechas por el autor a lo largo de su vida como estudiante y docente, la experiencia como docente presencial de investigación de Mercadeo, las experiencias como asesor y director de trabajos de grado, las enseñanzas dejadas por las investigaciones de mercadeo hechas a empresas del medio Colombiano y aportes personales fruto del raciocinio sobre revisiones bibliográficas, experiencias y enseñanzas

Fundamentos de macromercadeo

Este módulo permite ubicar el Mercadeo dentro de un circuito económico o proceso económico de los bienes,como parte de las actividades socio-económicas de una sociedad o modo de producción. El contenido del módulo es producto de investigaciones bibliográficas y raciocinios hechos por el autor,durante el tiempo que lleva como docente de mercadeo en la universidad presencial

Notas sobre el proceso de venta

Guía básica para la asignatura de ventas

Cómo planear y desarrollar un producto desde el punto de vista del mercadeo

Guía para el Proceso de Planeación y Desarrollo de Productos o Servicios

Variables para el diagnóstico del sistema micro de mercadeo de una empresa o marca

Guía para hacer un diagnóstico del Sistema Micro de Mercadeo de una Empresa o una Marc